This trail eventually became Milwaukee Avenue.Įlijah traveled this trail eight miles northwest of Chicago, to a place called Sand Ridge, just south of the Northern Indian Boundary Line, to build his new tavern. Less than a quarter of a mile away was an Indian trail that led Northwest. was the proprietor of a tavern located on the west side of the Chicago River a little north of Wolf Point near present-day Kinzie Street. He arrived with only a few personal items and a team of horses most likely by way of an Indian trail that would become Clybourn Avenue. In these early years, John Kinzie Clark built a cabin on the Chicago River near what historians believe is now Addison Street and became Jefferson Township’s earliest resident. At that time, Chicago was a much smaller parcel in the area directly around the Loop. A group of merchants, trappers, and traders incorporated the City of Chicago in 1833 and chartered it in 1837. The Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi ceded the land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. In 1795, following the Northwest Indian War, the area of Chicago was ceded by the Native Americans in the Treaty of Greenville to the United States for a military post. The first non-native settler in Chicago was Jean-Baptiste Pointe du Sable, of French and African descent, who settled at the mouth of the Chicago River in the 1770s and married a local Potawatomi woman. The area was so named because of the smell of marshland wild leeks or wild garlic that used to cover it. The name Chicago originates from "Checagou" (Chick-Ah-Goo-Ah), which in the Potawatomi language means 'wild onions' or 'skunk'. Primarily Potawatomi Indians inhabited it. Before any Europeans settled in the Chicago region, it was a vast swampland on the shores of Lake Michigan.
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